The implementation of renewable energy investments, such as wind farms, is subject to an environmental impact assessment procedure. An important element of the procedure is the performance of comprehensive environmental studies, including the monitoring of birds of prey. One species that deserves special attention is the red kite (Milvus milvus). When it soars high above the landscape, gliding calmly on its wide wings and maneuvering its long, slightly forked tail, its silhouette resembles a kite dancing in the wind. The bird’s colouring is also characteristic – the underside of its body and the top of its tail are rusty brown, and its light grey head contrasts sharply with the rest of its body. These features have earned it the name ‘red kite’.
The body weight of adult individuals usually ranges from 800 to 1300 grams. Interestingly, females are larger than males. It is believed that in birds of prey, the larger size of females may be related to the need for more effective nest protection and the ability to incubate eggs and care for offspring for longer periods of time, while smaller, more agile males are more effective at obtaining food during the breeding season.
The red kite is a nutritional generalist, which means that it can adapt its diet to current environmental conditions. Its food includes both vertebrates and carrion, as well as organic waste. This nutritional flexibility allows it to function in a variety of habitats. However, in places where carrion accumulates, such as near wind turbines, these birds may be at risk of collision. This is one of the key risks that must considered when planning and operating wind farms.
Almost the entire global breeding population of red kites is found in Europe, with Poland accounting for a significant proportion. The red kite is not only a symbol of aerial grace and strength, but also a species requiring consistent protection and careful monitoring, especially in light of the dynamic wind energy development.
