Environmental impact assessment procedure – significance for investments
The environmental impact assessment procedure is one of the key elements of the investment process leading to the construction of a wind farm. As a result, the competent administrative authorities may issue or deny a decision on the environmental conditions for the implementation of the project. The correct implementation of this procedure may therefore determine the future of the project.
Pre- construction surveys – the foundation for analysis
As part of the procedure, the analysis of the results of pre-construction surveys – including natural studies of fauna and flora in the area of the planned investment and its vicinity – are of particular importance. In line with national guidelines, these always includes a minimum of one year of research on two key groups – birds and bats – and an inventory of other live natural elements, conducted at least during the peak vegetation or activity period of a given group.
Bird surveys – risk identification
Ornithological surveys focus on determining the pattern and intensity of birds’ use of airspace, with particular emphasis on key species. Based on the results, it is possible to estimate the potential mortality of birds when the project is implemented and to assess whether the impact on the conservation status of these species will be significant. In the analysis, the grouping of breeding birds is also assessed, which allows for determining the importance of the examined area for this group.
Bat surveys – activity and shelters
Chiropterological surveys mainly consists of recording bat activity in the vicinity of potential wind farm locations. The results are used to calculate activity indices, which are compared with ranges of values regarded as low, average or high in given periods of the year. This allows the collision risk for a given wind farm location to be assessed. The research also includes the search for important hibernation sites and breeding colonies.
Inventory of other elements of nature
The studies are supplemented by surveys of plants, fungi and other groups and habitats. Their purpose is to assess whether the area of the planned investment has special natural values and whether it is necessary to obtain permits for exemptions from the prohibitions concerning protected species. The results may also indicate the need for dedicated mitigation measures, particularly during the construction phase.
Survey results – a basis for optimising the project
The results of surveysand inventory allow for the identification of areas with varying degrees of risk for the implementation of a wind farm. This makes it possible to develop a final investment layout that will be both beneficial to the investor and safe for the environment. In-depth understanding of the area also provides a baseline for planning effective preventive and mitigating measures.
Our experience
At Ambiens, only over the past five years we have conducted comprehensive pre-construction surveysfor 26 projects comprising a total of 340 wind turbines, located in six voivodeships in Poland. Their total planned capacity reaches up to 1360 MW.